owl:Ontology
dct:contributor	Rebekka Plüss, research assistant and software developer, University of Basel, Switzerland
dct:creator	Hans Cools, MD, knowledge engineer, ontologist, software developer, University of Basel, Switzerland
dct:description	Formal description of language, general subclasses, related classes and properties.
dct:license	http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by/ 3.0/
dct:publisher	Universities of Basel, Bern, and Zürich, Switzerland
dct:title	An ontology about language
owl:versionInfo	2020-06-11

language:AgentTranslator a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Role of an agent, person or machine, transferring a human natural language expression in another natural language.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	Übersetzerrolle eines Akteurs (de) translator role of agent (en)
rdfs:subClassOf	agent:Creator

language:Dialect a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Regional variant of a standard human natural language.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	dialect (en) Dialekt (de)
rdfs:subClassOf	language:HumanNaturalLanguage

language:GeneralHumanNaturalLanguage a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Language naturally evolved in humans and used as official language in one or more countries.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	general human natural language (en) allgemeine menschliche natürliche Sprache (de)
rdfs:subClassOf	language:HumanNaturalLanguage

language:HumanLanguage a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Language of a human.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	menschliche Sprache (de) human language (en)
skos:note	Also formal language, e.g. computer programming language.
rdfs:subClassOf	language:Language

language:HumanNaturalLanguage a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Language naturally evolved in humans.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	human natural language (en) menschliche natürliche Sprache (de)
skos:note	Excluded is formal language, e.g. computer programming language.
rdfs:subClassOf	language:HumanLanguage

language:HumanNaturalLanguageExpression a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Expression in a human natural language.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	human natural language expression (en) menschliche natürliche sprachliche Äusserung (de)
skos:note	Expression differs from the FRBRoo based document:Expression.
rdfs:subClassOf	cidoc:E33 Linguistic Object concept:Information

language:IdentifierCode a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Identifier code in a coding system, attributed to a human natural language, e.g. ISO 639.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	language identifier code (en) codice del identificazione della lingua (it) code d'indentification de langue (fr) Spracheidentifikatorcode (de)
rdfs:seeAlso	languages:
rdfs:subClassOf	concept:IdentifierCode

language:Language a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Dynamic set of sensory carriers, e.g. a sign, symbol, word, including sound and gesture, to express meaning, and used along rules or grammar model, e.g. syntax for serialization.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	Sprache (de) language (en)
rdfs:subClassOf	dct:LinguisticSystem

language:MachineTranslation a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Translation done by a digital electronic computer using translation software.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	traduzione automatica (it) machine translation (en) maschinelle Übersetzung (de) traduction automatique (fr)
rdfs:subClassOf	language:Translation

language:MachineTranslator a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Translator as role of a machine.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	translator role of machine (en) Übersetzerrolle einer Maschine (de)
rdfs:subClassOf	language:AgentTranslator

language:PartialTranslation a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Translation being an incomplete transfer from a human natural language expression in another natural language.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	traduzione parziale (it) traduction partielle (fr) Teilübersetzung (de) partial translation (en)
rdfs:seeAlso	https://www.abc-clio.com/ ODLIS/ odlis t.aspx#translation
rdfs:subClassOf	language:HumanNaturalLanguageExpression

language:PersonTranslation a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Translation done by a person.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	Übersetzung einer Person (de) person translation (en)
rdfs:subClassOf	language:Translation creating:CreationDerivative

language:PersonTranslator a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Translator as role of a person.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	Übersetzerrolle einer Person (de) translator role of person (en)
rdfs:subClassOf	language:AgentTranslator creating:PersonCreator

language:Translation a rdfs:Class
rdfs:comment	Human natural language expression transferred from another natural language.
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	Übersetzung (de) traduzione (it) translation (en) traduction (fr)
skos:note	Can follow the original to a degree, hence differ from another translation; e.g. a free translation gives a general meaning.
rdfs:seeAlso	https://www.abc-clio.com/ ODLIS/ odlis t.aspx#translation
rdfs:subClassOf	language:HumanNaturalLanguageExpression

language:expressedInDialect a owl:ObjectProperty
rdfs:comment	Relating a human expression to a dialect it is expressed in.
rdfs:domain	language:HumanNaturalLanguageExpression
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	geäußert in Dialekt (de) expressed in dialect (en)
rdfs:range	language:Dialect

language:hasContentLiteral a owl:DatatypeProperty
rdfs:comment	Relating a human natural language expression to its content.
rdfs:domain	language:HumanNaturalLanguageExpression
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	hat Inhaltliteral (de) has content literal (en)
rdfs:range	rdfs:Literal
rdfs:subPropertyOf	concept:symbolicEntityHasLiteral

language:hasIdentifierCode a owl:InverseFunctionalProperty
rdfs:comment	Relating a language to an identifier code representing that language.
rdfs:domain	language:HumanNaturalLanguage
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	language has identifier code (en) Sprache hat Identifikatorcode (de)
rdfs:range	language:IdentifierCode
rdfs:subPropertyOf	concept:hasIdentifierCode

language:hasMachineTranslator

a

owl:ObjectProperty

rdfs:comment

Relating a natural language expression to a machine that translated it.

rdfs:domain

language:HumanNaturalLanguageExpression

rdfs:isDefinedBy

language:

rdfs:label

hat maschinellen Übersetzer (de)

has machine translator (en)

rdfs:range

rdfs:subClassOf

device:DigitalElectronicComputer

owl:Restriction
owl:onProperty	agent:hasRole
owl:someValuesFrom	language:MachineTranslator

rdfs:subPropertyOf

language:hasTranslator

a

owl:ObjectProperty

rdfs:comment

Relating a natural language expression to an agent that translated it.

rdfs:domain

language:HumanNaturalLanguageExpression

rdfs:isDefinedBy

language:

rdfs:label

hat Übersetzer (de)

has translator (en)

rdfs:range

rdfs:subClassOf

agent:Agent

owl:Restriction
owl:onProperty	agent:hasRole
owl:someValuesFrom	language:AgentTranslator

language:hasPartialTranslation a owl:ObjectProperty
rdfs:comment	Relating a human natural language expression to another one in another natural language into which it is partially translated.
rdfs:domain	language:HumanNaturalLanguageExpression
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	has partial translation (en) hat Teilübersetzung (de)
rdfs:range	language:PartialTranslation

language:hasPersonTranslator

a

owl:ObjectProperty

rdfs:comment

Relating a natural language expression to a person who translated it.

rdfs:domain

language:HumanNaturalLanguageExpression

rdfs:isDefinedBy

language:

rdfs:label

hat menschlichen Übersetzer (de)

has person translator (en)

rdfs:range

rdfs:subClassOf

owl:Restriction
owl:onProperty	human:personHasRole
owl:someValuesFrom	language:PersonTranslator

human:Person

rdfs:subPropertyOf

language:hasTranslator

language:hasTranslation a owl:ObjectProperty
rdfs:comment	Relating a human natural language expression to another one in another natural language into which it is translated.
rdfs:domain	language:HumanNaturalLanguageExpression
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	has translation (en) hat Übersetzung (de)
rdfs:range	language:Translation

language:isDialectOf a owl:ObjectProperty
rdfs:comment	Relating a dialect to its human natural language.
rdfs:domain	language:Dialect
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	is dialect of (en) ist Dialekt von (de)
rdfs:range	language:HumanNaturalLanguage

language:isTranslatedInto

a

owl:ObjectProperty

rdfs:comment

Relating a human natural language expression to the language it is translated into.

rdfs:domain

language:HumanNaturalLanguageExpression

rdfs:isDefinedBy

language:

rdfs:label

is translated into (en)

ist übersetzt in (de)

owl:propertyChainAxiom

language:hasTranslation

language:expressedInNaturalLanguage

rdfs:range

language:HumanNaturalLanguage

rdfs:subPropertyOf

language:expressedInNaturalLanguage a owl:ObjectProperty
rdfs:comment	Relating a human expression to a natural language wherein it is expressed.
rdfs:domain	language:HumanNaturalLanguageExpression
rdfs:isDefinedBy	language:
rdfs:label	expressed in natural language (en) geäußert in natürlicher Sprache (de)
rdfs:range	language:HumanNaturalLanguage
rdfs:subPropertyOf	cidoc:P72 has language